For the mouse pointer: shake rapidly to temporarily enlarge it, or increase size in System Preferences > Accessibility > Display. For the text cursor (caret), macOS offers limited customization options.

The 'shake to locate' feature (introduced in macOS El Capitan) enlarges the mouse pointer temporarily. The size slider in Accessibility settings also affects the mouse pointer. The text insertion cursor has fewer customization options on macOS compared to Windows—you can adjust blink rate via terminal commands, but not size or color.